08 Reservoir and volume calculations
Reservoir models
In order to calculate HCPV (i.e. hydrocarbon pore volume) for the reservoir there has to be a reservoir model. This is a folder with reservoir horizons in layer model and folders with petrophysical parameter grids.
The parameter grids are connected to the zone between two horizons and the zones in the layer model start with the first horizon. There are seven horizons and six zones; therefore the last horizon will have no petrophysical parameter grids associated.
Petrophysical parameter grids
The petrophysical parameter grids in the volumetric model are random generated between 0.1 and 0.6 approximately. That corresponds to realistic value domains. In real cases the petrophysical parameter grids are gridded from well data, f.inst. using the gridding panel Simple points and lines gridding.
The parameter grids should be organized as shown in the folder 09_Petrophysical parameters.
Layer model and cross sections
Folders showing the layer model and petrophysical folder with parameter grids
Calculate hydrocarbon pore volume within a license.
- Right click on Depth data > Grids interpretation and activate Volume layer model calculation.
- Set Type of volume to be calculated to Between plane1 and plane2.
- Check in 1: contact and write in the level value 2700 (suitable for this project). Also called top contact.
- Check in 2: contact and write in the level value 3800 (suitable for this project). Also called bottom contact.
- If there is only one contact plane you just check in 1: contact.
- There are two types of calculation:
- From top reservoir to Top contact.
- Between Top contact and Bottom contact.
- Check in Apply folder or single area grid or outline for licenses or sub areas.
- Browse in 01_Cultural Licenses > License 07-18.
- Go to page Parameters.
- Check in boxes for petrophysical parameters and browse in the corresponding folders.
- Check in Expansion oil and set the value to 1.2.
- Check in Recovery factor oil and set the value to 0.4.
- Click Execute to start calculation.
- Go to Result page.
- Click on Volume report.
- Goes default to your home area on disk and is placed in folder. The names are made of parameters set and a time stamp.
- The folder has a typical name: Volumetric reports_Grids Interpretation_Wed Nov 16 2011.
- The report has a typical name: VR_Grids Interpretation_2700_3800_Licens 07-18_b_p_n_w_Wed Nov 16 08_55_46 2011.
- Take the volume report into a editor and read it.
Project: Course B1 Volumetric report for horizons in folder: Grids Interpretation. Calculated and saved at: Wed Nov 16 08_55_46 2011 Parameters present and used: Type of volume to be calculated: Between plane1 and plane2 First horizon used: 02BasePliocene Last horizon used: 07Silurian Contact plane 1: 2700 Contact plane 2: 3800 License or sub area: License 07-18 Porosity folder: Porosity Net to Gross folder: Net to Gross Water saturation folder: Water Saturation Expansion value oil: 1.2 Recovery factor oil: 0.4 Units used in report table: Cubic km (10^9) Zone Bulk Pore HCPV InPlace Recoverable 02BasePliocene 57.859400 33.751980 10.205310 12.246370 4.898550 03UpperCretaceous 446.479170 174.687160 41.260900 49.513080 19.805230 04LowerCretacUCo 794.343640 384.093490 79.636180 95.563410 38.225360 05BaseJurassic 4603.565830 1667.313830 563.336510 676.003810 270.401530 06BaseTriassic 1299.398520 542.952390 85.428700 102.514440 41.005780 Total 7201.646570 2802.798850 779.867600 935.841120 374.336450
As one can see the names are generated by a simple system created by parameters used and a time stamp. For the folder name, the time stamp follows the day, while for the report itself, the time stamp is the actual day time down to seconds so the name will be unique. The b_p_n_w stands for _bulk porosity nettogross watersaturation to show that these parameters were present in the calculation.
Display features
Display recoverable hydrocarbon volume within a license.
- Click on Display to display volumetric results.
- Select zone 4.
- Set option to As single volume.
- Click Display volume or contact area.
- Study the display and explain the map.
Display hydrocarbon volume and cross sections.
- Click on Display to display volumetric results.
- Select zone 3.
- Set option to On bottom of horizon.
- Click Display volume or contact area.
- Make a cursor position with the y key.
- Click Get cursor values.
- Click X direction.
- Click Perform cross section from position values.
- Study the display and explain the map.
Base Jurassic recoverable volume as single volume grid
Base Jurassic draped on Base Triassic and cross sections
Display hydrocarbon volume and fence diagram.
- Click on Display to display volumetric results.
- Select zone 4.
- Set option to On top of horizon.
- Click Display volume or contact area.
- Click Fence diagram cross sections.
- Study the display to and explain the map.
Display recoverable hydrocarbon volume within a license.
- Click on Display to display volumetric results.
- Select zone 4.
- Set option to On top of horizon.
- Check in Display contact area (on zone top only).
- Click Display volume or contact area.
- Check off Erase screen.
- Select zone 5.
- Click Display volume or contact area.
- Go to the Volume page and display the contact planes.
- Study the display to and explain the map.
Volume draped on Base Jurassic and fence diagram
Base Triassic and Silurian and contact planes
Advanced display of volumetric results
Here is a viewport presentation of all volume grids draped on the top horizon for the zones. Try to reproduce it by following the steps.
Display the volume grids for all zones in the layer model.
- Click on the viewport icon on the toolbar and open the viewport menu.
- Check in Connect all viewports.
- Create 2 x 3 viewports. You now have 6 connected viewports.
- Click on viewport at upper left to get that viewport frame in red.
- Set all parameters correct in the volume menu and Execute it.
- Go to the Display page.
- Select zone 1. Select On top of horizon. (All selections will do, and one must be consequent).
- Click Display volume or contact area.
- Go to the shell and type the text: tx2 .7 lle col bla txt "Base Pliocene". (2D text at lower left; see the ref. manual).
- Click on the next viewport.
- Select zone 2 and repeat the previous steps for zone 2.
- Repeat the steps for zone 3, 4 and 5.
- Put the viewports in 2D mode to see it from above.
- To display the lower right viewport (it is number 2) in 3D mode do as follows:
- Go to the command shell and type: vie 2 con off.
- Check in Display contact area (on zone top horizon only).
- Select zone 5.
- Click Display volume or contact area.
- Make a proper size of the screen and apply generic folder >New > Screenshot to save the picture.
Viewport display of volume maps draped on the top horizon for each zone.
Volume display for all zones in the training project Course B1
The procedure for making the viewport display is described as many interactive steps. It is however possible to set up a workflow to do it all in one action.
The documentation for volumetric calculation is located at Volumetric Calculations. Near the end of the chapter is a larger version of the viewport display.