T. Image Georeferencing
Introduction
This tutorial will guide you through the process of georeferencing a map. To georeference a map or image you need at least 3 tie points. These points should cover as much of the map as possible. In this tutorial we will use a sea chart from the Oslofjord. This chart has some marked positions referenced in WGS84, UTM Zone 33, as tie points.
Exercises
Exercise
Import an image into your project
- Create a Generic folder (i.e. a folder with schema Generic) and rename that folder to My Maps.
- Right-click the My Maps folder and go to Import > Generic. Browse for the image sjokart.png (a *.jpg or a *.png).
- Make sure the schema of the image set to Image Data.
A map about to be georeferenced.
It is important to understand what coordinate system and datum the map is in - or make a qualified guess. Note also that you should be able to determine the coordinates of your tie-points, here encircled in red.
The tie-points can be find in the text file coordinates.txt:
Coordinate system: WGS84, UTM zone 33 Lower left: East: 241073.89 North: 6599354.87 Upper left: East: 240904.64 North: 6601351.49 Upper right: East: 245955.69 North: 6601663.55
Exercise
Georeference an image
Use the Georeferencing wizard to georeference an image. Follow the step-by-step procedure below.
Georeferencing step by step
- Make sure the image is selected in the project and right-click and select the Geo Reference command in the pop-up.
(If it is not visible you will have to open the Toolbox by View > Toolbox).
- Then the dialog for setting the coordinate system and a window containing the image is shown:
- Set geodetic properties of the chart: WGS84, UTM Zone 33 N.
- Click Next.
- Set Method: to Scale and Translate.
- Set Tie point Coordinate Format: to XY.
- Type in the X = 241073.89 and Y = 6599354.87 for the first tie point, click Image pick and click on the corresponding point in the map.
- Change to Tie point 2.
- Type in the X = 240904.64 and Y = 6601351.49 for the second tie point, click Image pick and click on the corresponding point in the map.
- Change to Tie point 3.
- Type in the X = 245955.69 and Y = 6601663.55 for the third tie point, click Image pick and click on the corresponding point in the map.
- Evaluate the result. The Pixel error represents the accuracy of the georeferencing. The value should not exceed more than 1 pixel on each point.
- Click Finish.
- Now the image must be transformed from UTM Zone 33 to UTM Zone 32.
Exercise
Convert an image to another UTM zone
- From the image sjokart, right-click and in the pop-up select All Commands > Shared Commands > Operations > Convert to UTM. (If it is not visible you will have to open the Toolbox.)
- Set the new geodetic properties for the image: WGS84, UTM Zone 32 N.
- Specify how to save the new image for e.g. Replace, Copy in input folder or Specify name and where to store it.
- Then click Execute.
- Display the new image in the main graphic window, and also display the multibeam data or the surface created from the multibeam data.